Major Parts of Corporate Entrepreneurship.

* 4 major parts of corporate entrepreneurship. 1-New business venturing ( corporate venturing) Corporate venturing refers to the creation of a new business within an existing organization. Business dictionary defined corporate venturing as the practice where a large firm takes an equity stake in a small but innovative or specialist firm, to which it may also provide management and marketing expertise. Specifically, corporate venturing emphasized an internal capital resources, proprietary knowledge, and marketing expertise.The concept of corporate venturing has existed for many years in the US where many of the top companies have a venture capital fund or offer strategic alliances. While the number of companies involved is much smaller in this country, it has existed for many years and in many sectors. Traditionally corporate venturing has appealed to high-growth sectors such as pharmaceutical or technology companies. 2. Innovativeness It’s product and service innovation, with emphasis on development and innovation in technology.The innovation of product and services are crucially important to every economy. Innovation and new business development can be initiated by independent individuals or by existing enterprises. Corporate entrepreneurship is ever more considered as a valuable instrument for revitalizing existing companies. It is brought into practice as a tool for business development, revenue growth, and profitability enhancement for pioneering the development of new product, services and processes. 3. Self-renewalIt’s transformation through renewal of key ideas on which an organization is built. Self-renewal has strategic and organizational change implications and includes the redefinition of business concept, reorganization, and the introduction of system-wide changes for innovation. Self-renewal is entrepreneurial because it involves entrepreneurial efforts that result in significant changes to an organization’s business or corpora te level strategy. 4Proactiveness This term includes initiative, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness, and boldness.It attempts to lead rather than follow competitors. A proactive firm is inclined to take risk through experimentation. Some opinion conceives of proactiveness as a continuous search for market opportunities and experimentation with potential responses to changing environmental trend. Entrepreneurial proactiveness depends on the attractiveness of an opportunity and ability of the firm to grasp once it is perceived. Organizational performance depends on entrepreneurial proactiveness if there is uniqueness in the creation of new product from the available resource

Learning’s in OJT Essay

All HRM Students have their OJT’s in different restaurants, we were assigned in Stad. We started on April 27, 2012. I together with Rhems Tugas, Andrea Sagmit, Kaydee Gracia, Jerica Sarondo. We were oriented but in the middle of last April. I started the OJT in Stad is quite enjoying but the staff are so funny because they elaborated some menu to teach us how to cook it. And we do it well; I was surprised on the proper ways of how to communicate to customers with smile. The things that I’m doing in Stad we have to greet the customer well and we said in the kitchen staff, they do it and ready to serve. Suppose the guest done we gave the receipt to the cashier have known how much the bill. And then chance to interact closely with new co-workers and get practical advice about doing the job. Many times, the person who will be doing the training and evaluation is the new worker’s supervisor or manager, so this also establishes job expectations from the very beginning. Read more: Learning Insights in OJT The feedback during on-the-job training is also immediate, so the new employee may experience faster growth in the job than he would in other types of training situations. My experience in Stad Restaurant as a Dine In really served as one of the most unforgettable experiences because I learned how to handle difficult situations and able to resolve it the way I knew how by practical application of common sense remembering the principles and theories I learned during my formal training in school. Personal experience shared by my mentors handling dissatisfied customers during my formal educational training helped me a lot during those hard times of my OJT. Indeed it is true that people are hard to please. Different guests have various need levels and definitions. Sometimes hard work does not guarantee customer satisfaction. Part of my unforgettable and challenging experience was when one of the guests complained that was unable to top up the coffee box and stock up towels in the room. The first order reacting to the situation was to listen to what the guest was saying, understanding that whatever and everything he uttered because he was unhappy on such given situation. After everything has been, an apology extended with an assurance and attention shall be looked into to all of his needs. The brief awful encounter which almost put me in tears, feeling alone in country,being scolded by a stranger,the hard wrk in between unavoidable skipping meals just to finish the tasks given to me. Instead of giving up, it served as an inspiration to well on my OJT. Learning’s in ojt2.

Leadership and Qualities Essay

As a company that wants to grow, SPAR s Applied System Group (ASG) faces a few external and internal pressures urging the company to change in order to adapt to the new business environment. SPAR’s Applied Systems’ client base primarily consists of government-based agency, from Canada’s Department of National Defense to U.S’s Navy and Coast Guard. However due to shrinking budgets in the defense department of government-based agency, SPARs Applied Systems faces the external pressures of less sales due to lower demanded from its major clients. Along with decrease demand ASG also faces the problem of its heritage programs nearing competition, 70% of its revenues will be gone once these projects are completed. ASG also have the policy of cost plus when working on government projects, which meant if the project was delayed or went over budget ASG would have to eat the cost. Another external pressure that is forcing ASG to change is the company is technology foc us rather than customer focus, with the increasing competitions in the market ASG is ill prepare for the external pressure of growing competitiveness in their field. A major internal pressure ASG is experiencing has to do with their employees, although ASG’s employees are the most skilled in their field, the company itself did not know how to best direct their energy. The employees were comfortable working in their current environment, which means costs are not effectively allocated. With declining revenue it is critical for management to change the culture in order for the company to be more profitable. Along with the contract of cost plus it becomes clear that ASG needs to allocate their cost efficiently in order to generate profit. In conclusion none of this can be achieved without Stephen Miller. What Makes Stephen great leaders, when Stephen faced numerous challenges when he took on the role as the General Manager at ASG.? The problems that he faced were quite difficult to solve with a single solution, rather there were multiple alternatives. The greatest challenge we believe that he faced was that ASG was competition in a decreasing market, which was Government aviation and defense industry. Majority of the company’s revenues came from government contracts that were soon to be ending. The entire government spending towards defense and space aviation was decreasing and ASG had to make the transition towards more consumer based. In regards to that single problem, Stephen faced a lot of internal and external pressures. Stephen had to change the corporate culture from focusing on being technology driven to customer based. There were two kind of leadership that we think Stephen used as the GM. First it was situational leadership because, that leadership is composed of both a directive and a supportive dimension, and each has to be applied appropriately in a given situation. He actively searched out the best and the most experienced candidates in their field of work or specialty. Stephen then would guide them with both the directive and supportive dimensions until they were truly good what they did for ASG. The second leadership was the Path goal theory, the reason I saw that is because theory is about how leaders motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals. The reason why I say that is because, the company was moving in a new direction, and Stephen was trying to foster a new corporate culture. He was trying fostering team work, opening communication channels and acknowledging great performance from individuals. Stephen motivated his colleagues to believe in the new path that was set by first focusing on the employees. In addition Stephen was a transformation leader he used the Inspirational Motivation technique which fostered team spirit, motivation and provide meaning and challenge to his colleagues. The challenge that ASG faced, Stephen made every believe that was their personal problem. Lastly how did he overcome the team leadership problem? Well what Stephen has singular responsibility for running a custom that will help the group accomplish efficacy. Well team leadership incorporates both internal and external situations. Stephen did that be choosing which methods would benefits his company the most. One of the best decision Stephen did was hire Ana Solari, but what were her challenges. â€Å"Anna Solari with an experience of 10-years, worked as Human Resources Consultant for two Different commercial high technology firms† (Rowe, 244). She is relatively new to Spar Applied system and her new job as a director is to create â€Å"departmental vision and strategy for 2000† (Rowe, 241). She began her work by gathering data from a population of 341 employees and named it â€Å"Baseline Audit†. She was excited with the challenge that well established company wants to focus more on commercially oriented aviation customers than government customers. The Baseline Audit introduces several challenges to Anna and these are as follow: Anna finds that ASG functional departments operates in isolation and â€Å"upper management wanteda structure organized by process that functioned in integrated teams created for specific contracts†(Rowe, 245), So ASG improves its market share by providing products on time. Furthermore, Anna describes the corporate culture as â€Å"When I walked into was a very traditional, hierarchical organization with four or five layers of management.† (Rowe, 245) that she believe major hurdle in communication between upper management and general workers. As a result, accountability cannot be managed properly because it rests with those who possessed the â€Å"manager† title. Anna was surprise to know that work place appearance was detrimental â€Å"such as the color of the paint on the walls, poor ventilation, and questions about health and safety standards from workers.† (Rowe, 245) she wondered how the company will eliminate the next attempt of unionization, if management couldn’t motivate employees. Recruitment and training is another area, where she feels ASG should look into so new ideas and performance can be improved. As she said â€Å"they broke out of the mold a little bit when they hired me.† (Rowe, 246) Since Applied System Group is technology base department, therefore, it prefers hiring from within because they believe experience is much better than new graduate. It also limits the involvement of Human Resource department that make sure whether the worker is fit for new role. Furthermore, if an employee needs critical training which is not available within the organization then ASG sends the worker outside to community college. This practice shows that department doesn’t have enough technical staff or expertise that trains employees. In regards to the new direction of ASG under Stephen Miller, what changes were needed? From our analysis, Stephen Miller determined that ASG was unable to compete in the commercial marketplace. ASG products were marketed for government and military client and failed the ability to meet the requirement of new customers. Under the direction of Stephen miller, the changes that were needed in the HR department were (1) dramatically change the ASG culture from technology driven to market driven, (2) make possible for the division to make more money for at least six months in a row, (3) Design a global long-term strategy rather than short-term strategy to help ASG to create a culture that will allow more teamwork and open communication to increase both the flexibility and performance of the organization Anna clearly best approached to lead her HR department smoothly is using the transformational change framework. It involves an entire rethinking of how the company is structured and managed, and emphasize at eliminating the poor management skills to prevent the next unionization. In such change, instead of conforming to procedures and practices, the company needs to restructure and redefines its practices and policies. Anna experienced culture at ASG was quite formal where major problem encountered in communication between upper management and general employees, equity, behavior shifts, overtime policies and sick leave, poor working condition and little face-to-face communication are the main hurdle for HR department run smoothly. Anna best approached to loosen up the company situation is by using the transformational change framework to restructure and redefines its practices and policies.

Alba Holidays Limited Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alba Holidays Limited - Case Study Example The rest of the week, the plane will fly holiday passengers to lower priced holiday packages under the brand name of Prestair. There is no mention about how many flights Alba plans to operate on daily basis. However, there is the mention that the plane will take 1.5 hours to cover the 600 miles distance to Balerica. This means the plane will take 2 hours to cover the average 800 miles daily the rest of the week days. A return trip to these locations obvious will double the mileage and time to 3 hours and 4 hours respectively for Balerica and other destinations. Assuming the plane is rested 6 hours during the day of the week when it is flown to Balerica and 5 hours during each week day when it is flown to other lower priced holiday packages destinations, it is capable of making maximum 6 trips a week on the same day to Balerica and 5 trips daily to other destinations rest of the week. The plane expects to have 90% occupancy annually. This means it will have approximately 144 passengers on each flight. This translates to maximum 864 passengers (144 x 6) weekly to Balerica and 4320 passengers (144 x 5 x 6) during the rest of the week to other holiday destinations. Thus, the total number of passengers for Balerica and other holiday destinations work out to 5184 (864 + 4320) every week. ... other lower priced holiday packages destinations, it is capable of making maximum 6 trips a week on the same day to Balerica and 5 trips daily to other destinations rest of the week. The plane expects to have 90% occupancy annually. This means it will have approximately 144 passengers on each flight. This translates to maximum 864 passengers (144 x 6) weekly to Balerica and 4320 passengers (144 x 5 x 6) during the rest of the week to other holiday destinations. Thus, the total number of passengers for Balerica and other holiday destinations work out to 5184 (864 + 4320) every week. The industry average prices for equivalent brands are 380 for Balerica, and 300 for other holiday destinations. Details regarding costing, finance and administration are given as follows. Full Costing of One Week Sunbronzer Holiday in a Studio in Balerica The figures available in the instructions have been used to arrive at the full costing. However, there are other costs that have not been mentioned in the instructions and hence have been included. These are the costs of advertisements, additional manpower in the form of tour guides, drivers, etc, which serve as the unique sales points (USO) in the holidays' business. As per information available in the instructions, the following expenses have been included to arrive at the full costing figure: One Week's Costing (Sunbronzer) Hangar fees (100,000 x 52/357) 14,566 Aircraft Servicing @ 2 per air mile travelled (600 x 2 x 2) 2,400 Fuel (600 x 8 x 2) 9,600 Aircraft Cabin Maintenance (600 x 0.40 x 2) 480 Depreciation - Land & Building (480,000/ 7) 68,571 Depreciation - Furniture & Fixtures (320,000) 45,714 Allowances for Breakages 200 Gardening, Maintenance & Maid

Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Literature Review - Research Paper Example s to technological impact in determining social change, it is held that technology sometimes depends on social forces and at other times it functions in an independent manner in disregard to social objections. The idea of ‘technological determinism’ had its birth in the continent of Europe. However, with the advent of technological research in United States of America the concept of ‘technological determinism’ started gaining ground in that country. The spread of American Revolution emphasized on the growth of a liberal and prosperous society. However, it is found that the proponents of increased social prosperity and liberty through the spread of industrial revolution suffered from the fear of malpractices. They viewed that the process of steady industrialization to gain material prosperity if mishandled would lead to corruption. The effect of corruption in turn would tarnish moral fabric of the political and social sector of the economy. (Heilbroner, 1994) The implementation of advanced forms of technology creates a considerable impact in shaping social structures and organizational dynamics of both the historical and present society. In the modern context, it is found that the rapid spread of high combat technology to developing countries of the world is creating increased tensions in the social circles. It is widely viewed in this regard that such rapid spreading of war technologies to the hands of developing nations would turn into a factor difficult to be governed. Thus, it would become detrimental to the existence of the entire human race. In this regards, it is recommended to understand the effect of technology not in isolation to social systems but rather as a tool used by human beings to innovate newer process and systems. Further observation suggests that war technology used in both developed and developing countries have dual social implications. On one side, it is found that technological innovation in the war front is a product of human

The basic definition of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The basic definition of management - Essay Example Typified hierarchical organizational structures of the past, with strong control mechanisms, have slowly given way to modern, flat, loosely connected organizational structures with emphasis on core competencies, and outsourcing of non-core functions. The basic definition of management as a process of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and control (Koontz & Weihrich, 1990) are still relevant and various approaches have been formulated and presented in management literature. In this paper the aspect of leading and its connection with planning and staffing would be explored. Leading is the ability to positively influence people and systems to have a meaningful impact and achieve results. "Leaders venture out. Leaders are pioneers - people who are willing to step out in the unknown (Kouzes & Posner, 2006). Leading is about search for opportunities, to innovate, grow and improve. Leading, perhaps is the most crucial aspect of management, and predominantly, deals with the interpersonal behavior and relationship management. In a globalized economy, the expanse leadership extends beyond an organization, encompassing cultural diversity across the borders. Unwittingly, the leadership attribute is also latently embedded with ethical considerations. So what does a leader do In effect a leader inspires, influences, persuades, encourages, motivates, attracts, and unifies team members to accomplish the organizational mission. Leadership is innately linked with effectiveness. Leadership provides strategic direction to the enterprise to achieve its missions. Through the strategic directions emanate the function of planning. What to do in the long term, medium term, annual, and quarterly periods What skills should the team develop in course of the planned periods, and how are they to be realized Planning, and building core competencies, go together. Talent acquisition and nurturing is a critical staffing function, which in turn, is driven through right global leadership. Leadership in Planning Leadership drives strategic planning. Those in leadership must ensure buy-in from members of the team with regard to the organizational values, mission, and goals. The twin responsibility of leadership therefore, is to manage perceptions of the team members, and drive the planning process itself. Genuine communication and empathy are the key skills of leadership that enable achieving these objectives. Strategic plans play the role of signposts that guide behavior and decision making in organizations. The plans translate into departmental and individual objectives. The role of leadership is to ensure continuous alignment of individual goals with organizational missions. The departmental and individual goals can further be amplified using acceptable performance measures, and monitor them periodically. So in a way, plans connect with the management functions of coordination and control. Leadership in a sense provides the vital link between planning and doing. Effective leadership channelizes the organizational efforts towards meeting short and long term objectives of the enterprise. Leadership in Staffing Leadership in staffing is about creating a shared vision, involving the right people, for the right job, at the right time. Leadership can play a silent but effective role of changing the organizational culture through world class professionalism, and conducive

Classy's strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classy's strategy - Case Study Example It is important to better understand the process by consumers make decisions if Classy are to influence decision making. Employing a low price strategy can be highly profitable if it pushes more people to buy. Secondly, it is notable that Classy opened more stores and located them in prime retail areas. However, it cannot be gainsaid that the purpose of any business is to bring in customers, and this can only be accomplished through marketing/advertising. From the look of things, classy are operating in a very competitive market, and getting out information concerning the high quality and availability of tuxedos in their outlets will go a long way in increasing sales.  Another issue is the distinctive image as that of a formal wear store while the typical tuxedo consumer will most likely to go to a men’s wear store. Image is important and classy can create a different perception to customers by visual merchandising among other

Short placement ministry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Short placement ministry - Essay Example They come in to assist individuals using material support in case of a tragedy or a time of loss. They as well offer training to their staff members to ensure they remained professionally relevant and updated with the trending issues in the profession thus giving full support to their staff members. (Camphell, 2014, p. 130) Parents and family members who lose their beloved ones when receiving medical attention from the medical services provided by the chapel find both material and moral support. Such families and parents are offered financial support besides counseling and comfort. So as to achieve its missions and objectives of providing high quality healthcare services and access to spiritual, cultural and religious care, the chapel collaborates with the denominations and the local faith communities which communicate the members of the communities the services on offer (Kelly, 1896, p. 430). With that everybody in the society and community as a whole gains quick and reliable access to the services of the chapel anytime they need such services. Luton and Dunstable chapel also works hand in hand with various volunteers who come in to offer support through financial donations for the development of the various services. The volunteer teams also contain an individual who provide comfort and support to the visitors, patients and staff regardless of their religious backgrounds. The volunteer groups include bedside ministers who frequently provide their services especially ministry on Sundays besides other days, ward visitors who pay homage to and support the patients in the chapels hospital and chapel volunteers who make their visits to the wards mainly on Sundays and Saturdays to cross check on which patients would like to attend the spiritual services of the chapel. (Camphell, 2014, p. 149) The chapel volunteers also assist in the organization of the Sunday morning hospital’s services. They bring the hospital patients to attend services at

I Just Wanna be Average by Mike Rose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

I Just Wanna be Average by Mike Rose - Essay Example According to Rose, how does coming from a working-class background shape one's identity? Mike Rose had come from a working-class family which had sacrificed a lot to enable their son to join a Catholic school in expectation of enhanced education. However, Rose was put in the vocational education by mistake and his parents also could do nothing about it since they had no idea about the standardized education system of America. According to Rose, if a child belongs to the working class in a vocational education, he is treated in a guarded manner. In other words, he is considered‘ slow’ by the school, he is given a curriculum which doesn’t liberate rather restrains him from gaining knowledge and even if some training is provided it is always below the esteem level of the society (Rose, 1989). 3. According to Rose, how do students act "average'? Students who are unable to cope up with the vocation education system often defend themselves by acting â€Å"average†. ...These vocational schools trigger them to act ‘average’ because instead of giving them a better education to rectify their disabilities, they provide them a below average education from under-qualified teachers (Rose, 1989). 4. What does Rose mean by "students will float to the mark you set?" By saying â€Å"students will float to the mark†, Rose wants to imply that the attitude a teacher carries for the student, the same attitude will be replicated by the students. In other words, if a teacher does not put any endeavor in teaching the students a lesson, the students will also not put any endeavor in comprehending it. For instance, a teacher who is tedious and delusional and exerts only verbal power cannot teach anything to his students and as a result, the students will also not show any interest and effort towards learning. Higher the willingness and quality of teaching of the teacher, higher will be the degree of an outcome of the students (Rose, 1989). 5 . What does Jack MacFarland offer Rose that finally helps him learn? MacFarland saw great potential in Rose and swayed him to pursue a college education. It was under the tutelage of MacFarland that Rose developed the passion for learning, reading, and writing. The influence of MacFarland helped Rose recognize his true inner self and what he wanted to be. Owing to hard work and the complete support of MacFarland, Rose was finally able to attend college (Rose, 1989). 6. Can you, as a former high school student, relate to any parts of this article? Explain. As a former high school student, I can definitely relate to the hardships that these working-class students or those with learning disabilities have to go through.

Compare and Contrast the Philisophical Contributions of Nietzsche and Mill Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast the Philisophical Contributions of Nietzsche and Mill Essay Compare and contrast the philosophical contributions Nietzsche and Mill make to our understanding of political and social tyranny. Both philosophers, Nietzsche and Mill make contrasting and similar contributions to our understanding of the two terms. I intend explore how each philosopher does this and the differences and similarities between their two philosophies. Before comparing and contrasting the contributions of both Nietzsche and Mill to our understanding of political and social tyranny, it is important to define exactly what these terms mean, and to distinguish between the two. Political tyranny on the one hand is the imposition of positive liberty by a tyrant to an individual or a collective group of individuals. That is, a situation where a certain way of life is dictated to citizens through the presence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. If we lived in a politically tyrannical society, we would be living under the control of a dictator, ruled by a single governing body. Furthermore, the pressure for an individual to conform to these rules can be seen as a result of ones fear of public disapproval a recognised form of social tyranny. Philosopher John Stewart Mill, rigorously educated by his philosopher father James Mill, began making contributions to politics and philosophy from the early 1830s, when he wrote profusely on such political and philosophical matters. He was greatly influenced by the works of Jeremy Bentham and his interested in Utilitarianism. Mills book, On Liberty published in 1859 and written with his wife, saw Mill move away from the Utilitarian notion that individual liberty was necessary for economic and government efficiency and advanced the classical defence of individual freedom as a value in itself. It advocated moral and economic freedom of individuals from the state. His basic argument is simple: liberty from political and social tyranny is good because it allows for new and improved ideas to evolve and good because liberty forever puts old ideas to the test. His ideas were and still are enormously influential and the ideas presented remain the basis of much political thought. In On Liberty Mill refers to tyrannical societies of the past where liberty meant protection from the tyranny of political rulers. They consisted of a governing One or a governing tribe, who derived their authority from inheritance or conquest. (NZ) To prevent the weaker members of society from being preyed upon by innumerable vultures it was thought that there should be an animal of prey stronger than the rest. The aim being to set limits to the power of the tyrant. With this came a time where, as human affairs progressed, what was wanted was that rulers should be identified with the people, and that their interests should be the interests of the whole nation. This, Mill refers to as the tyranny of the majority which was held in dread (and commonly still is.) At this point, Mill is suggesting that majority rule itself could become a tyranny and that the suppression of minorities by the majority should be taken as a serious threat to a fair and just society. Mill claims that society as a whole can issue wrong mandates and practice a tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression. He argues therefore that protection against political tyranny is not enough: there also needs to be protection from social tyranny or the tyranny of prevailing opinion the latter being harder to achieve protection from. Mill saw that this kind of political tyranny could prevent the development of individualistic behavior. Such tyrannies could work in two ways: through the adoption of laws which operate against idiosyncratic, non conforming or dissenting individuals. Or, through the power or pressure of public opinion, (which is notoriously prone to error, superstition or tradition.) Hence Mill argued that public opinion should not be a law that everyone should conform to, and that the individual should have protection of the law against the prevailing sentiments of society. Essentially, we each need freedom to develop our individuality. So for Mill, the central problem is therefore to establish the legitimate extent to which the state can interfere in the affairs of individuals whilst maintaining acceptable levels of individuality. Mills answer is clear and is demonstrated through his Harm Principle which states that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not sufficient warrant. -So Mill is referring to not just any harm, but specifically physical harm. If a person is harmed then his or her sovereignty over self no longer exists because sovereignty is after all the foundational position of power; this is Mills justification of the harm principle. Children and those who cannot take care of themselves are allowed to be interfered with beyond the harm principle as they may well harm themselves unintentionally; such children and those who cannot take care of themselves do not, and cannot, have sovereignty over self. Applying Mills Harm Principle strictly to current law would therefore remove paternalistic laws. For example there would be no reason to prohibit the laws prohibiting suicide, or drug taking or the wearing of seatbelts or crash helmets. From this perspective, laws that attempt to control such self regarding actions are wrong. They stunt the possibilities for individual development; the state should not be like an over protective parent, as for Mill, this does nothing but prevent the development of fully mature adults. Mills argument primarily questions what is the rightful limit to the sovereignty of the individual over himself? And how much of human life should be assigned to individuality, and how much to society? Mill says, to individuality should belong the part of life in which the individual is interested: to society, the part which chiefly interests society. Essentially, what are the limits of the law and what are the abilities of the individual? Evidently for Mill, the idea that the state should be involved in self regarding actions is entirely wrong. The individual must be allowed maximum freedom of choice in matters that are to do with personal choice His assertion reflects his own strong commitment to the idea of individual liberty and the belief that free individuals develop into more fully formed human beings. His arguments essentially reflect a strong belief in human reasoning and the ability for all of us to develop into mature autonomous individuals. Mills approach is therefore libertarian in that he saw the confining controlling state as a danger: whereas a society populated with free thinking individuals is a mature and successful society. Specifically referring to social tyranny, Mill states that though society is not founded on a contract, everyone who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit meaning, if you conform to society, or public opinion, you will receive protection, i.e. you will not be condemned by society. Mill furthermore claims that it would be a great misunderstanding to suppose that this doctrine is one of selfish indifference about the well being of others. There is indeed a need for an increase in the exertion of promoting the good of others, but Mill feels this can be done without physically or mentally punishing those who behave in a way that people dont agree with. Benevolence can find other instrument than whips and scourges, either of the literal or metaphorical sort So, if a person shows rashness, obstinacy or self conceit or pursues animal pleasures at the expense of those of feeling and intellect, it is expected that they will be lowered in the opinion of others. But, Mill makes it clear that we are not bound to seek the society of such an individual. We have a right to avoid it, and a right to caution others against the individual. If he displeases us, we my express our distaste: but we shall not feel called upon to make his life uncomfortable So if an individual has made a bad choice, we shouldnt condemn them further. If he has spoiled his life by mismanagement, we shall not for that reason desire to spoil it further At this point, Mill makes a clear distinction between the part of a persons life which concerns only himself and that which concerns others. He questions how the conduct of a member of society can be a matter of indifference to the rest of society, no person is entirely isolated. If he damages his property, he does harm to those who derived support from it, or if he deteriorates his bodily faculties, he becomes a burden on others. So even if his actions do no direct harm to others, he is never the less detrimental by example. As a liberalist, Mill stresses the importance of the individual and freedom. In a liberal sense, freedom means individual freedom. You are at liberty to do as you wish, there are no constraints upon how you choose to live your life, you are able, unhindered by tradition or inherited position to achieve your full potential. This idea opposes the characteristic of political tyranny i.e. the imposition of positive freedom; restriction and barriers. As Isaiah Berlin explained, negative and positive liberty are not merely two distinct kinds of liberty; they can be seen as rival, incompatible interpretations of a single political ideal. There are different ways to define liberty within a society. Isaiah Berlin talks about the two different types. Berlin agrees with the idea of negative liberty and thinks the purpose of government is not to show any visions of life; rather, it is to give them freedom to find out for themselves what the good life is. Berlin supposes that there should be a small government that will protect everyones individual rights. In a society where negative liberty is prevalent problems begin to arise when you begin to worry about government and not your private life. Negative liberty also allows everyone to have a sphere of rights. You are also able to become what you want and you have more self-control, because there is no pressure to conform to the norm of the community in order to keep the society running smoothly. Rousseau, an advocate for positive liberty thinks that self-mastery is necessary for us as individuals and says that we should want to be the masters of our own life. Positive liberty is, Wishing to be a subject, not an object; to be moved by reasons, by conscious purposes, which are my own, not by causes which affect me, as it were, from outside. By participating in your government and thinking for yourself you can achieve self mastery. By having political self-mastery you are free to form a society which forms your values, which leads to democracy. Mill, as a liberalist, believes there ought to be a minimum area of personal freedom which on no account can be violated. Mill says, If this boundary is overstepped, the individual will find himself in an area too narrow for even that minimum development of his natural faculties which alone makes it possible to pursue, and even conceive, the various ends which men hold good or right or sacred. Mill says there must a certain amount of personal freedom so that you grow as an individual, so therefore, there needs to be a distinction between private life and public authority. Freedom for the pike is death for the minnows; the liberty of some must depend on the restraint of others. In this type of society some people are held back for the betterment of others. The idea that for every person on top there must be someone below them must be accepted. The other philosopher in question, Frederic Nietzsche, German philosopher of the late 19th century challenged the foundations of traditional morality and Christianity. He believed in life, creativity, health, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. Like Mill, Nietzsche wanted to replace old values with new ones. He wanted to move towards a new type of human being. The Uberman In Nietzsches writing, Beyond Good and Evil he speaks of the new philosophers individuals of socio intellectual status who must pave the way forward for a new world. Who must rise above the confinements of political and social tyranny. Essentially, through asserting their will to power. Nietzsche refers to these individuals as the aristocrats, the elites. These noble men will assert their will to power. An ability that will have been passed down from generations. The new philosophers or noble breed will possess the master morality the morality of the aristocratic, that which makes values for others and sees itself as noble. At this point, Nietzsche introduces the notion of superiority the idea that these free spirits or new philosophers will assume a place of superiority in the social and intellectual hierarchy over those who are confined by political and social tyranny. In several aphorisms, he emphasizes a higher type of man, one who believes and demands an order of rank and disdains democracy and equality. Those inferior individuals, he refers to as the herd. The herd succumb to social and political tyranny, and so are slaves to it and they can not change. It is not in their genes. It is ok for the herd to be confined by political and social tyranny, but not for the elites. The elites must be the dominant force, not controlled by a force. Nietzsches fundamental principle is the will to power. Nietzsche refers to it as an essence of life. For Nietzsche, the underlying driving force of change is will. All drives come from a will to power, which is; the drive for freedom and domination over other things. We see it in our daily lives; in every argument there is a striving force for mastery and victory; even in the hierarchical nature of organisations e.g. manager vs. worker, teacher vs. pupil, politicians, preachers and even in the sex act itself. But, for Nietzsche, political and social tyranny seeks to tame this primeval drive and to suppress it. It is the weak and the herd who let their desires and will be suppressed. It is the role and duty of the new philosopher to cultivate it. Nietzsche strongly attacks religion. Especially Christianity. For Nietzsche, religion is a modern manifestation of political and social tyranny. Religion seeks to suppress the will to power. He refers to religion as an ongoing suicide of reason and has similarities with Freud in that he thinks religion is a neurosis or mental illness. Wherever the religious neurosis has appeared on earth we find it tied to three dangerous dietary prescriptions: solitude, fasting and sexual abstinence. So for Nietzsche, being a Christian, means denying ones desires, it means self sacrifice for the sake of God (whom he believes is dead) and showing pity and charity for others allegedly leads to the elevation of the weak-minded. Nietzsche believes we shouldnt show such charitable acts, or make unnatural sacrifices. Christians are the herd, because they follow such beliefs and live their lives by them. The herd are not in control of their lives, for they live by a set of principles that are not their own. Christianity as a form of tyranny takes over the individual. We self mutilate when we feel guilty. Nietzsche says we shouldnt feel guilty, as its better to do something and experience it, taking from it what we will, rather than be told not to do it at all. Political and social tyranny does not give an individual the chance to do this and places restrictions upon the individual. Like Mill, Nietzsche valued individualism above all else, but he saw that as a result of the acquiescence to social and political tyranny (e.g. religion) followed a herd mentality where everybody follows one another for fear of disapproval by public opinion, or in the case of religion, disapproval by God. The herd has given up their will to political and social tyranny. And so are weak to their superiors, as reflected in their values. But Nietzsche suggests that people want this. He refers to slaves wanting and accepting political and social tyranny, and relating to the modern manifestation of this through religion, it provides truth and certainty. The slave is led by a superior guide, and wants to be, because it is comforting. So hence, Nietzsche sees the Enlightenment or age of reason as enraging to the slave because it removes an Absolute Truth I.e. God. So forth, the slaves have to find their own truths. Both philosophers contribute from different stand points. Mill on one hand speaks from a liberalist perspective. Liberals see humans as essentially rational thinking creatures capable of making informed decisions and despises the kind of paternalistic controls of a political tyranny that characterised the previous feudal period. Where Nietzsche on the other hand comes from an elitist standpoint. So, for Nietzsche, the most human or natural of societies are those based on aristocratic principles. Thus, societies with clear and very wide social class divides are the most appropriate of humanity. Clearly defined class distinctions that Nietzsche would have liked are the times of the Ancient Greeks, Romans, Feudalism and even aspects of Nazism. Orders in which richness, excess, cruelty and sensuality were encouraged. This is where a major difference between Nietzsches philosophy and Mills becomes apparent. Mill criticises the political control of a tyrant on an individuals freedom, yet Nietzsche claims that these aristocrats are living for themselves The aristocrats have asserted their will to power over the people. He justifies this by saying that these societies are natural, because the will to power was exercised properly, by the powerful over the weak. Both have similar views on the topic of religion, arguing that no longer should one set of religious truths be imposed on a population. To move forward, to progress, is to explore the world through the exercise of human reason and critical enquiry. For Nietzsche, we must continually question everything, for there is no absolute truth. We have to find our own truth. We do this by being individual, and not following a herd. For Mill, we are rational thinkers, and bases his theory on this view that we will come to sensible conclusions. Hence, both philosophers advocate maximising negative liberty as a necessary condition for human flourishing. With the freedom to be individual without the barriers or constraints of tyranny, we as a society and as individuals progress and new ideas are formed. New values are made, replacing old ones. The Elitist vs. the Liberalist approach is where the two philosophers differ in attitudes. Taking into consideration a rejection of negative liberty, this could be used to pave the way for an alternative account.

Comparing The Contrast Of Blakes Songs English Literature Essay

Comparing The Contrast Of Blakes Songs English Literature Essay William Blake was born in, London, England on 28 November 1757, he was born to a middle-class family and was the third child of seven children, two of whom died in childhood. William did not go to school, and was educated by his mother at home William Blake displayed a bright imagination at a young age, which was not looked upon positively during the pre Romantic period. He continued throughout his writing to drastically question faith and politics. His parents knew enough of his stubborn character. He enthusiastically read on subjects of his own choosing. During this time, Blake was also making explorations into poetry. On August the fourth 1772, Blake became apprenticed to engraver James Basire, for seven years. At the end of this period, at the age of 21, he was to become a professional engraver On October the eighth 1779, Blake became a student at the Royal Academy in Old Somerset House, while his study required no payment; he was expected to bring in his own materials during the six-year period. Blake met John Flaxman in 1782, who was then to become his supporter, and Catherine Boucher, who was later on, to become his wife. Blakes marriage to Catherine remained close and loyal until his death. She helped him to colour his printed poems while he taught her how to write, In this assignment I will compare and contrast three of Blakes poems from the songs of innocence and three poems from the songs of experience, I will comment on the context, themes and Blakes craftsmanship. In Blakes poems many poems fall into pairs Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience they both have opposing perspectives of the world, Most of the time Blake is trying to show us how experience corrupt innocence. The first two poems I will be comparing is Infant Joy and Infant Sorrow Blake wrote the song The Chimney sweepers song of innocence and The chimney sweepers song of experience from totally different perspectives William Blakes wrote the poem The Chimney Sweepers in 1789, the poems tells the story of what happened to many young boys throughout this time. Boys were sold at very young age for the purpose of cleaning chimneys. These children were exploited and lived a very terrible life. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience both protests the living conditions and the overall treatment of young chimney sweeps The innocence version of the poem consists of six four line stanzas. The poem starts with a depressing tone telling us from the Childs perspective that before he had even learnt to speak his parents had sold him My father sold me while yet my tongue could scarcely cry. In the songs of innocence boys innocence does not allow him to not understand the social injustice and unlike the experience version where the boy in the poem sees the unfairness and is able to speak against it. The songs of Experience version consists of three four line stanzas. The poem starts of with the line A little Black thing among the snow this suggests the Boy feels lonely and depressed, the boy also does not have trust in god and feels that he has lost his purpose this shown when he says Where are thy mother and father, say? They are both one up to church to pray The Boy also Blames his parents for making him do this work, this is shown here Because I was happy among the heath and smiled against the winters snow, they clothed me in the cloth of death, and taught me to sing the notes of woe this shows that the boy was joyful until his parents sold him The Nurses Song tells a tale of a Nurse who is looking over some children playing in the field. However the experience version differs form the innocence version in the Experience version it is more bitter than the innocence version, it shows a nurse that is jealous of the children and is cruel. On the other hand the innocence version shows a nurse that does not mind the children playing, it also seems as if she is enjoying watching the children play this I shown at the very first stanza where she says When Voices of children are heard on the green and the laughter is heard on the hill, My heart is at rest within my breast and everything else is still. Whereas in the Experience version in the first stanza the nurse says that When voices of children are heard on the green and whips rings are in the dale, my face turns green and pale this could suggest that the nurse is an old nurse with a lot of experience from life. In the last stanza the nurse says Your spring and your day are wasted in play, and your winter and night in disguise this shows that the nurse is weighed down by lifes experience. In the experience version we do not see a lot of colors, unlike the innocence version where Blake paints a childrens drawing in the readers mind. He also uses very smooth language for example instead of saying the sun goes down it is said till the light fades away In the Poem Infant joy songs of innocence Blake s showing us a two day old child that is happy to arrive to the world. Blake creates a lot of joyful Images in the readers mind, He does that by only adding positive language in his poem, for example the word joy is repeated seven times in the poem. The language that Blake uses when the child talks is also uncomplicated and simple, the poem has two stanzas and is a bit rambling we also see that the mother witch has experience is positively reflecting on the two day old who represents innocence On the other hand Infant sorrow from the songs of experience the child feels he is unwanted and that he doesnt belong to this world we learn that when in the first stanza when he says My mother groaned and my father wept We also learn the child is struggling Struggling in my fathers hands striving against my swaddling bands, the child also feels discarded this is shown when he say bound and weary I thought best to sulk upon my mothers breast. Helpless, naked piping loud this could suggest that Blake is talking about the industrial revolution and that the world is becoming to dangerous for next generations, in the second line the child also says Into the dangerous world I leapt In all of Blakes poems he tries to tell us that everyone was born innocent and that lifes experience that forced the us into something good or bad and that lifes experience took away the innocence of youth. Most of his poems illustrate that belief

The Cherokee Victory :: essays research papers

The Cherokee Victory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cherokee Indians, the most cooperative and accommodating to the political institutions of the united states, suffered the worst fate of all Native Americans when voluntarily or forcibly moved west. In 1827 the Cherokees attempted to claim themselves as an independent nation within the state of Georgia. When the legislature of the state extended jurisdiction over this ‘nation,’ the Cherokees sought legal actions, not subject to Georgia laws and petitioned the United States Supreme Court. The case became known as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia in 1831. Supreme Court Justice John Marshall denied their claim as a republic within Georgia, he then deemed the Cherokee as a ‘domestic dependent nation’. One year later through the case of Worcester vs. Georgia, the Cherokee’s were granted federal protection from the molestation by the state of Georgia. Through the Indian Removal act in 1830 President Andrew Jackson appropriated planning and funding for the removal of Native Americans, Marshall’s rulings delayed this for the Cherokee Nation, and infuriated President Jackson. Marshall’s decision had little effect on Jackson and ignoring this action the president was anxious to see him enforce it. The federal government proceeded to find a way around this decision and had three minor Cherokee chief’s sign the â€Å"Treaty of New Echota† in 1835 giving the Cherokee lands to the government for 5.6 million dollars and free passage west. Congress got the treaty ratified by only one vote. Members of their tribes murdered all three chiefs who took part in the signing of the treaty. After this event there was not much the Cherokee’s could do and were forcibly moved west on what they called and are known today as the ‘Trail of Tears,’ which became a constitutional crisis in our history. In this instance the lack of cooperation between the branches of the government was the downfall for the Cherokee nation. The way the Cherokee’s were forced west caused losses of up to twenty percent of the nation. This figure is only a guess and scholar’s think it was more a third of the nation was lost. The ‘Trail of Tears’ was also a moral e issue in the United States, later having an impact on our history the way other Native American races in general are treated in the future. If Chief Justice John Marshall had claimed that in either case of â€Å"Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia† or â€Å"Worcester vs.

The Demise of a Family in Gail Godwins A Sorrowful Woman Essay

The Demise of a Family in Gail Godwin's A Sorrowful Woman Gail Godwin's "A Sorrowful Woman<" leads one to believe that the wife is overwhelmed or possibly just having a bad day. The belief is that with her husband's understanding she and her family will get through this difficult time. Everyone has a bad day and people get aggravated at times. However, a shocking revelation comes to the reader that this isn't just a bad day. A deeper look into the story reveals that the wife's selfishness and pity for her life is fueling her sorrow and along with their lack of communication causes the demise of this family. In reading this story we find a woman tired of being a mother, a wife and of her life in general. "The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to ever see them again" (35). Do you not see what she is thinking? They are sucking the life out of me. Why did I choose to get married? I could have been anything, instead I am the mother of this child and the wife of this man and am here to take care of their needs. Who will take care of my needs? She feels that she is some how letting herself ease away and needs to regain her identity. She soon isolates herself even more by moving into another room maybe thinking she will be able to find the part of herself she has lost. "She was a young queen, a virgin in a tower, she was the previous inhabitant, the girl with all the energies. She tried these personalities on like costumes" (38). Her husband's constant saying he understands such things only seems to enable her to isolate herself more and ignore her responsibilities as a mother. If the tending to the child is such a pleasure why hasn't he done it enough to know how to put him to bed... ... his statement, "Can we eat the turkey for super?" (39). His mother lies lifeless in her bed and his father is evidently upset. This family's lack of communication allows the situation to get out of control and in a downward spin that alone they can not handle. Problems do not just get better on their own. You must determine what they are and work out a solution to correct them. The child's skills for handling problems and working through them are not being developed. He is not learning to handle responsibilities but that it's okay to run from them. This family's actions or lack of actions and the mother's selfishness is what destroyed this family and surely scarred this child for life. Bibliography: Godwin, Gail. "A Sorrowful Woman." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 6th. ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2002. 35-39.

Marijuana vs. Cigarettes: Why is one legal? Essay -- Harmful, Brain,

Marijuana and Cigarettes are both things that all Americans have heard about. Man untrue ideas have been spread about both products. Marijuana is not legal and it may not be as harmful as cigarettes. Marijuana is less harmful to the brain, body, and environment than cigarettes. When someone smokes a cigarette they say they feel a sensation all over their body. Users may experience different feelings. Many people say it creates a relaxing feeling all over the body, some say it helps to clear their head, and some say they like the taste of the cigarette. Marijuana creates a different sensation in the body. Marijuana can be used in different ways including using a bong, a pipe, or rolling it into a hollowed out cigarette called a joint or blunt (American Lung Association). When users smoke marijuana they say it creates a high sensation. This sensation is described as making the user feel floaty, a distorted sense of time, haziness, increased hunger, happy, giggly, and dizziness. Some people have reported hallucinations from high doses of marijuana. Occasionally users say it has made them anxious, panic, or feel distrustful (Volkow). They say the effects last around two to four hours. All of these effects vary from person to person and the amount of marijuana inhaled. The ingredients used in Cigarettes and Marijuana are very different. The main ingredient in cigarettes is tobacco however it does not make up a cigarette alone. Cigarettes can have 600 ingredients, including vinegar, rocket fuel, sewer gas or paint (Tri-County Cessation Center). Marijuana is solely made of the plant Cannabis sativa. The active ingredient in Cannabis sativa is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This ingredient is from the plant alone with no additi... ...on, 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. . â€Å"New Study Shows Smokers Underutilize Proven Treatment and Services For Quitting.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. . Tri-County Cessation Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. . Volkow, Nora D., M.D. â€Å"Marijuana Abuse.† National Institute on Drug Abuse. N.p., July 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. . â€Å"Youth and Tobacco Use.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

Elie Wiesel- Night Essay

In one scene taken from the novel Night, Elie Wiesel conveys a powerful experience based on his first arrival at Auschwitz. The beginning of this scene starts off with dialog and this technique is also used much throughout the rest of the scene. The use of this literary technique allows the reader to become submerged within the moment Wiesel is describing. The reader experiences the moment just as Wiesel himself might have experienced it at the time which creates a more suspenseful feeling in the scene. Each sentence of dialog allows the reader to be â€Å"in† the moment because we are gathering pieces of the story just as the character is. The reader has become the character in their mind and this allows the situations and emotions that the actual character experiences to affect the reader on a much deeper and personal level. The author does not use a great deal of descriptive imagery either. We are shown more of the characters inner conflict rather than a detailed depiction of the setting itself. This further reinforces the fact that the reader is in a sense going through these conflicts with the character. It is much more effective to convey the horrors of the concentration camp through the emotions of the character rather than actually give a descriptive setting. For example, when Wiesel writes, â€Å"Not far from us, flames were leaping up from a ditch . . . I saw it with my own eyes . . . those children in the flames.† (P30) You would think that the author would describe more in depth, the horror being witnessed, but instead he uses the character’s reaction to this scene to portray the nightmare. â€Å"I pinched my face. Was I still alive? Was I awake? I could not believe it. How could it be possible for them to burn people, children and for the world to keep silent? No, none of this could be true. It was a nightmare.†(P30) We experience the character’s feelings as if they were our own, because the author has already established a base from the dialog that connects us more deeply to the story. The inner conflict of the character toward the end of the scene though, when he seems certain he is going to be burned in the crematory, holds the greatest preponderance of any other part of the scene. The character is waiting for his death, and as he draws nearer to his demise his inner thoughts are broken up by the systematic rhythm of his final steps. The  author is using the repetition of his steps to build suspense. At each step, layer upon layer of tension is added. The reader leans further to the edge of their seat if you will, holding their breath as the moment of truth draws nearer and nearer until a mere two steps away from certain death, the character is pulled out of harms way and directed to the concentration camp barracks. Yes, the imminent danger of death has passed, but the reader has now come to realize the hopelessness of being captive in what William Styron referred to in his essay â€Å"Hell reconsidered,† as basically hell on earth, otherwise known as Au schwitz. At the conclusion of the scene Wiesel uses parallelism of the sentence structure, â€Å"Never shall I . . . ,† and then continues on to list all of the atrocities that still haunt the character to this day. Each line stated is like another blow to the characters and the reader’s emotions. Again, the danger of certain death had passed, and we know that he survived the nightmare, but now all of these things are forever etched inside the characters being. â€Å"Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke . . . Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever . . . Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust.†(P32) He physically may have survived, but has his soul? The author’s effective use of dialog, parallelism, and a detailed description of the characters inner conflict allows the reader to become so connected to the character themselves, that this ending point of the scene leaves us with such an utter sense of what the character actually experienced, that the power of the scene quite literally leaves one speechless. Through the use of all of these things the author clearly delivers a most compelling and powerful scene.

The Woman Warrior

Brittany Tiano Ms. Wenzel WLS Tutorial 24 October 2012 Reality vs. Fantasy: Kingston’s use of Juxtaposition in The Woman Warrior In The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston writes an honest memoir that focuses in on the lives of five woman; the most important being Kingston, and is told in 5 chapters. As a reader, we get a glimpse into the realities of life for many Chinese emigrants in America and their children. Kingston, who is the narrator in the book, creates an elaborate fantasy in the second chapter, called â€Å"White Tigers†.In it, Kingston portrays a strong warrior woman, who leads her army to victory by overthrowing the emperor at his palace. In reality, she was in America, struggling to get noticed by the unfamiliar people surrounding her. This section of the book bares great importance because it shows the authors use of juxtaposition on the girls reality and a fantasy world she wishes to be in. Readers feel sympathy that she can’t reach her goal of b ecoming a warrior, but must be stuck in an unfamiliar country where she is ignored and made fun of. Life in America was not all it was cracked up to be.Kingston learned this pretty quick. Since she was of chinese dissent, she had a very slim chance of ever becoming anything big, maybe an owner of a laundromat, but that’s it. Men would be especially difficult for Kingston to get the hang of as well. She tried to look feminine and be sweet but nothing worked. At school she wasn’t respected. At work she wasn’t respected. While working at an art store, her boss was telling her to order more of a certain type of yellow and he used the â€Å"N† word to describe it. She says, â€Å"‘I don’t like that word,’ I had to say in my bad, small persons voice that makes no impact.The boss never deigned to answer†(Kingston 48). In America, Kingston is especially down on herself and winey: â€Å"Nobody supports me at the expense of his own adven ture. Then I get bitter: no one supports me; I am not loved enough to be supported†(Kingston 48). She feels like she has nobody to turn to, nobody to relate to, and worst of all, nobody to love her; which made being in America harder for her. In reality, a woman's place in society was beneath those of men, and then being an Asian-American woman would direct her to the bottom of the food chain.In a quick second though, things would change and she was a whole new person. This was possible in her fantasy world, one which she created in her minds eye and loved to be in. Imagine being two people at once; only one of them turned off and the other brought to life. That’s how kingston felt when she was in her fantasy world of being a warrior. She trained for 15 years to be the best she could be and impressed all who she met. She had the ability to give life; giving birth to a baby boy, and take life; executing many targets she had seen in the magical gourd.As the author writes this, you can see just how juxtaposed the two worlds are and wish that Kingston lived a better life, or that the fantasy could become a reality. In her fantasy, she has a son, confidence, a killer army (literally), and a loving husband. She has such passion for going after men that had impressed her brother and father: â€Å"I watched the baron’s piggish face chew open-mouthed on the sacrificial pig. I plunged my hand into the gourd, making a grab for his thick throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kingston 45). She was so eager to destroy him and get her family members back.Such confidence then led to a numerous army that would â€Å"attack fiefdoms† and â€Å"pursue enemies† that she had seen in the gourd. Kingston notes, â€Å"I inspired my army, and I fed them†¦ We brought order where ever we went†¦ I won over a goodly number of fighters†¦ † (Kingston 37). She practically had people bowing down to her, and for once in her life, she was loved, a wish sh e had had for so long. She realized that her â€Å"son was so delighted that the shiny general was his mother too† and a sense of accomplishment and honor was brought about her. (Kingston 45). Between this fictional life, and her reality, she was stuck in a rut.Right off the bat, Kingston tells the reader that her American life has been such a disappointment† (Kingston 45). Being an Asian-American was no easy task. Kingston suffered through bias, and it came â€Å"to the point that as long as you ‘look’ Asian, you’re open to attack, regardless of which group you belong to†¦ † (Lindsey). The most interesting part of this chapter is the last few pages when Kingston gets back to talking about her fantasy life. She says, â€Å"I mustn’t feel bad that i haven't done as well as the swordswoman did; after all, no bird called me, no wise old people tutored me. I have no magic beads, no water gourd sight†¦My brain had momentarily lost it’s depth perception. I was that eager to find an unusual bird†(Kingston 49). In this last part, Kingston self-reflects on her fantasy and how badly she wants it. She feels like if she just looks hard enough for the signs; the bird, the clouds, the mountains, she’ll find her way to the old people’s home and fulfill her fantasy. As readers, we know this will never happen, which makes us feel sympathetic that her future will never be as appealing as she wants it to be. There are numerous examples of juxtaposition throughout the book but this chapter most likely held the bulk of them.Maxine Kingston’s writing was filled with stories and unfortunate realities that made a reader understand what it was like to be so different now matter how much she did to blend in. The opposition between the two lives gave us an inside look of a culture’s myth brought to an imagination, and a reality that pain staked a girl to disliking a place that she lived. K ingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior. New York: Vintage International, 1976. Print. Lindsey, Robert. â€Å"Asian-Americans See Growing Bias. † New York Times 10 09 1983, Special Edition n. pag. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. .

Multinational companies Essay

To a lesser extent, multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy. Multinational corporation is a corporation or company that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in two or more countries. Global economy generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world’s countries’ national economies. Also, global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economics. Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Wal-Mart is an example of globalization due to the fact that Wal-Mart is present in multiple countries and it unites foreign countries with jobs. Sam Walton founder of Wal-Mart was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Mr. Walton opened the first Wal-Mart in 1962 at the age of 44 in Rogers, Arkansas. Sam Walton died in 1992. Mr. Walton left many objects and knowledge behind; one thing was this quote â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone, we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life. † In short this meant Wal-Mart was going to build better customer service for its shoppers and they were going to improve the communities that it was present in. The real question is, did Wal-Mart actually do what they said they would do? Wal-Mart may have contributed thousands of jobs. They have even claimed that they supported the communities, and of course kept prices low so you could save. However to a lesser extent multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy because Wal-Mart creates contaminations and destroys many communities. Wal-Marts main goal is to try to make as much money as possible. For example the company has been caught cutting corners. Also they have been irrational to their employees. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are irrational to the employees because many managers or corporate staffs are racist or sexist to their employees. Wal-Mart does not have the appropriate benefits that an employee needs. They also have immoral pay with horrible hours to go with it. Wal-Mart has been racist to their employees, by insulting them verbally with stereotypical traits that fall from their heritage. For example they have used racial wording to black people. They have also been sexist to woman by putting them down and not giving them the proper rewards they so desperately work for. A example of this is a woman denied a mangers position because she was a woman. The employees’ benefits are immoral. Most employees have to seek government funding to support their families. Most employees get there minimum wage of there province or territory which is not so bad, however the manager gives the full time and part time employees hardly any hours, to try to keep the store’s budget low. Multinational corporations such, as Wal-Mart, destroy part of the environment and community that they are present in. The Wal-Mart franchise causes small businesses to shut down. Their own parking lots are not safe and the stores pollute public rivers and streams. With their low prices and low operating cost small business cannot compete with those prices. Because of this those businesses cannot make money and fall apart. They have sold their store at a lower price then intended because when a Wal-Mart shows up relaters know buildings will become vacant and almost un able to sell unless at a lower price. Wal-Mart stores pollute rivers and streams by leveeing out pesticides in their parking lots. From that action when weather changings it can cause the harmful chemicals to drip of the product and find it way in to a cities drinking water. In the stores they have cameras to catch what ever is going on, however outside they due not. From this poor choice many crimes have been committed out side the stores own doors such as rape and murder. Also they don’t have someone monitoring the cameras so if something happens, another person would have to help or report it. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart cut corners. Wal-Mart has many sweatshops around the world with inhuman working conditions. Those employees have absolutely no benefits and Wal-Mart use child labor. In the factories, they are mostly located in third world areas, the factories have no air conditioning, unreasonable hours of work with less then a dollar a day for pay. Also in some factories you are almost forced to live with your coworkers in a tiny room with hardly anything to save on money. The pay is even worse for kids because to Wal-Mart they are more expendable. To a lesser extent Multinational Corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart is racist and sexist to their employees, it does not have the appropriate benefits for their employees. They pollute rivers and streams and destroy small business in a community. Wal-Mart supports child labor and sweatshops. To conclude this position paper multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy because they their true colors of who they are and that all they want to do at the end of the day is make money.

Project Manager Essay

The main communication method they use is the telephone. This is because it is handy and convenient to use, and it is also fast. They use telephone for various reasons such as to arrange an appointment, to confirm orders, to book activities etc. The alternative method instead of using the telephone could be e-mail and letter, this way they can keep the letter for hard copy and evidence to confirm that they did arrange the appointment if there are any complications. The Fax machine is quite useful because it is fast and the letter can be kept for hard copy so there will be no need to type up any information. A meeting saves quite a lot of time and they get feedback from people immediately. Some information may be confidential so a certain method may need to be used such as face to face or letter, this way no confidential information is being leaked. There are different types of communication used because they need to know which type of communication to use for each purpose for example if it’s confidential they can either use telephone or letter so that no confidential information is being released out. And also if letter or email is being used, this can be kept for future reference and hard evidence for any purpose. Although there are some disadvantages of using the alternative methods, this is due to the confidentiality of information handling. Some information needs to remain or private in a company so a certain method has to be used. How information is collected, processed and stored All administrative staff play a key role in: Collecting information: whether it arrives in the mail, electronically, by telephone or is passed on by word of mouth. Processing information: inputting it, merging it with other information, sorting it, reorganising it, reproducing it or updating current records. Storing information: in filing systems and on computer. The main aspect of a storage system is so you can find things quickly and the items stored are kept in good condition. Information is processed when it is changed or converted in some way. It may be improved or may be prepared for a particular use such as notes from meetings, messages from telephones, sales figures that need to be input into a spreadsheet etc. These roles are important to the Business because it depends how well information has been organised and stored so that it can easily be accessed when it is needed. Every day, Businesses receive a vast amount of paperwork that is generated by organisations such as forms, fax messages, telephone messages, letters, memos reports and many more. So the administrative staff is responsible for the storage, processing and collecting these information in order to keep the constant flow of the Business going. Post arrives at the reception and then is sorted and stored separately by name in a little locker by the reception assistant, each locker is provided with a key so the administration assistant or the manager has to collect their post from their locker. After all the post is bought back to the department to be opened and read, they also have to do certain things such as processing and storing the type of information. For example: When they receive an invoice for the art and crafts equipment, the amount is processed onto spreadsheet on the computer by the administration assistant. This is because they need to record how much money is spent using the company’s money. Then the assistant writes a number on top of the invoice to help keep all the invoices in order which is then kept in a box file then stacked on the shelf. When the cheque is made out, the same number as the invoice is also written on the top of the cheque so they know they match. Records of the young people who join the community are kept on a CD Rom. Their details are also kept in a lever arch file and are updated if any changes have been made. The lever arch file is then stacked on the shelf along with some other files. When an application form is received, it is read by the manager and details of that person are noted down and then the form is filed in a vertical filing cabinet. If the manager approves one or two forms, he then photocopies them and then the original copy is filed and the other is sent to the director. All other information such as catalogues and booklets from the suppliers of office organisations are stored in a tall cardboard box file and is kept on the shelf. Decision making Decisions are made every day within businesses. The Board of Directors makes the major decisions at GAZ and the Project Manager makes the simple decisions such as what equipment to buy.

Evaluating, Narrating, and Describing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluating, Narrating, and Describing - Essay Example Backgrounder and Significance â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† a short story published in 1892, is about a young, upper-middle class woman who suffers depression within her marriage. Some literary critics said that this is a hyperbolic version of Gilman’s own experiences as a mother and a wife particularly after giving birth to her child in 1887 (Kurrus 68). In addition, during Queen Victoria’s reign, a woman’s role in the home was emphasized. The Queen became the icon of the ideal wife, mother, and woman. Women were expected to be content with domestic role and motherhood, and females are expected not only to fulfill such roles, but also to be entirely happy in doing so. What is interesting to note here is that the story was written over a century ago but the feminist struggle still echoes to this day. Women in the cities may experience some forms of gender equality, but women in the rural areas still live under the shadow of the gender stereotypes set by the society (Veeder 65). Any person, especially woman, who have felt oppression and inequality at some point will be able to sympathize with the story’s main character. ... y decides for almost every activity that the narrator will do, and even if she prefers the prettier but smaller room downstairs, John decides that they should stay in the upper, larger, airy room. In the short story, it is obvious that the narrator does not have any voice in the marriage, and she is expected to obey everything that her husband says. John, the narrator’s brother who is also a doctor, and the other family members also discourage the narrator from writing --- an activity she truly likes. Analysis Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story is laden with irony. Irony is a literary device that utilizes words to deliver different meanings that are usually contrasting each other. This literary device is used to convey the real setting of the short story. At several points in the story, the narrator uses dramatic and verbal irony to refer to her condition, the surroundings, her husband, and their marriage. Taken at face value, the setting of the story looks ideal: t he narrator marries a doctor, stays in a large summer estate with her husband, has a husband who dotes on her, a nanny to take of the newborn, and a sister-in-law who helps in the house chores. The irony in the story, however, emphasizes that these facades are not as ideal as the true setting that they cover. For example, the narrator marries a doctor and she is declared to have a temporary nervous depression. It may look ideal that her comfort is being taken cared for, but on the lines: John is a physician, and PERHAPS--(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)--PERHAPS that is one reason I do not get well faster. (p.1) one would immediately realize that there is something wrong in how she is being treated of her medical condition. Another

Applied Buyer Behaviour In Global Context Essay

Applied Buyer Behaviour In Global Context - Essay Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Introduction Snickers is a product name candy bar prepared by Mars, Incorporated. â€Å"Hungry? Why wait? Seize Snickers† (Sunshine 2013). These ads of Snickers seize the audience’s concentration through the use of: background, intellectual illustrations, and color subjects. In the November 2012 theme of Rolling Stone, Snickers permits readers to vigorously engage in their comedic ad, the advertisement first seizes the reader’s concentration by situating â€Å"You are not you when you are ravenous† as well as the utterances â€Å"Satisfies† wrong way up at the top hub of the page (Sunshine 2013). Right away I thought about the clout of food, exclusively the clout of chocolaty sweets. I then came to recognize that the circumstance sufficed as a support system to primarily let reader’s be acquainted with that the manufactured goods is worth the buy and will abscond them satisfied (Wilson 2012). Next, I observed the hub of the advertisement where I adage the visage of a man (Sunshine 2013). The man’s temper in the advertisement can be illustrated as gloomy because of the grimace he displays. In addition, the depiction also shows a delightful man with a Snicker under his visage along with the expression â€Å"Satisfies† (Wilson 2012). This man demonstrates the two in one association between a purchaser who has had a Snickers and a purchaser who has not had a Snickers (Sunshine 2013). The design allows the person who reads to presume that a solitary person has two diverse egos: happy and upset. I came to be familiar with a constant theme; Snickers want clients to know that you turn out to be a diverse person within yourself devoid of the immense ta ng of a Snicker (Wilson 2012). Who is the advert targeted at? Snickers Ad expressions campaign targets foragers so famished they cannot hex (Mercides 2013). Targeting misspelled key expressions has long been a line of attack in search engine optimization and referrals or pay-per-click marketing in order to incarcerate traffic that while it valor not have as numerous impressions, it can be over and over again cheaper than the suitably spelled term or easier to position for the phrase (Mercides 2013). However, Snickers has taken this stratagem to a whole innovative level, not only targeting misspelled keywords, but as well as using their ad duplicate to play on the verity that the entity misspelled what he or she was incisive for (Christo 2012). The ad is always targeting any internet user and any other working civilian (Mercides 2013). It may also target the television fans and sports viewers, snickers is one of the promoting beneficiaries in the sporting grounds (Mercides 2013). Wha t bland and services are been offered? Snickers provides certain varieties and bland such as snickers dark chocolate this entails of an extra measure of cocoa thus providing or explaining it is dark appearance (Lukas 2012, p. 123). There is also the snickers egg which is simply a chocolate covered egg containing both

The effect of demographics and personality on investment choice among Essay

The effect of demographics and personality on investment choice among UK investors - Essay Example Many studies have been undertaken across the world by scholars as well as academicians in the field of behavioral finance to explore what all psychological and demographic factors affect personal investment decisions and choice among alternatives. The study entitled "Risk Taking and Problem Context in the Domain of Losses: An Expected Utility Analysis" by John C. Hershey and Schoemaker in 1980 observes that women investors are more risk averse than men as regards gamble is concerned (Hershey 1980). Another popular study on the gender practices of investing; the researchers remark that both men and women are equally successful in investment decisions and there found no significance difference in investment decisions between male and female groups (Hudgen 1985). In an empirical study among men and women investors in auctions and lotteries undertaken by W. V Harlow and Keith Brown document that men prefer to take more risk than women as regards lottery and auction investments are concer ned (Harlow 1990). In another significant study on investment behaviour among individual investors considering their income level William Riley and K Victor Chow attempt to remark that "relative risk aversion decreases as one rises above the poverty level and decreases significantly for the very wealthy. It also decreases with age-but only up to a point. After age 65 (retirement), risk aversion increases with age" (Riley 1992). However, the authors speculate that "education, income and wealth are all highly correlated, so the relationship may be a function of wealth rather than education" (Riley 1992). In a research paper entitled "Gender Differences in Risk Behavior in Financial-Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis", it is found that regardless of familiarity and framing, costs or ambiguity, women prefer investments with lower risk than moderate and high risk investments avenues (Powell 1997) . The main contention of the study of N. Jianakoplos and Bernasek in 1998 is that wom en are likely to exhibit more risk aversion characteristics than men when it comes to investment in defined contribution pension assets (Jianakoplos 1998). In the paper "Gender Differences in Risk Taking: A Meta-analysis", the authors conclude that women would like to take less risk than men (Brynes 1999). Schooley Diane K and Debra Drecnik Worden in their study in 2003 document that educated investors, especially those having education higher than secondary level tend to part their hard earned money in risky portfolios (Schooley 2003). The paper also finds that age and proportion of equity holding are positively correlated. In an interesting and popular study entitled "Risk Aversion and Personality Type" by G. Filbeck, Hatfield P. and Horvath P. in 2005, the authors conclude that the relation between personality type and individual ex ante EUT risk tolerance is non-linear in form (Filbeck 2005). Reviewing the aforementioned studies and papers, the present study attempts to explore the effect of demographic and personality traits on individual investment decision

Discussion u10d1, u10d2, u10d3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion u10d1, u10d2, u10d3 - Coursework Example On April 5, 1998, when Mars Global Surveyor flew over Cydonia for the first time, Michael Malin and his Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) team snapped a picture ten times sharper than the original Viking photos. There was no alien monument after all. The Face on Mars is located at 41 degrees north martian latitude where it was winter in April 98 -- a cloudy time of year on the Red Planet. The camera on board MGS had to peer through wispy clouds to see the Face. Perhaps, said skeptics, alien markings were hidden by haze. Nevertheless, on April 8, 2001 -- a cloudless summer day in Cydonia -- Mars Global Surveyor drew close enough for a second look. Malins team captured an extraordinary photo using the cameras absolute maximum resolution." Each pixel in the 2001 image spans 1.56 meters, compared to 43 meters per pixel in the best 1976 Viking photo. The first feature to arouse the interest of both the scientific community and the general public was the detection of a â€Å"face-like† anomaly in the area known as Cydonia, a plain in a transitional region between heavily cratered southern highlands and the smooth northern lowlands; the so called â€Å"Face of Mars†. It was photographed by the Viking 1 Orbiter in July 1976 while making detailed imaging for the selection of the landing site for the Viking 1 Lander. The image of the â€Å"Face† gained immediately great publicity and a keen interest in, along with various speculations on, the origin of the familiar looking formation. There are strong advocates for the interpretation that this feature with a length of 2,5 kilometres and a height of 250 metres is artificial, being some kind of a vast monument or perhaps a cenotaph. Later images taken by various orbiters having instruments with higher resolution than those onboard Viking 1 has lent credence to the view of the Face being a natural formation, a rocky hill or mesa with crevices on top simulating the features of a giant face

Nepotism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nepotism - Research Paper Example Nepotism may make someone hire a relative at the expense of someone who has work experience as well as stronger education base. However, sometimes the relative is the most qualified but it will still give the impression of nepotism. The ethics of nepotism in business go hand in hand with business structure. The business structure can indicate that the business is family owned. This shows that that its establishment was under sole proprietorship or partnership meaning that the owner owns and controls it. The owners can also combine with their family members who act as partners. In some case however, the partnership is not family owned. This way, nepotism is more questionable when one partner decides to employ his family members yet other partners have an ownership stake interest in the operation. Many businesses all over the world are family owned businesses. They play an important role in the economic development in their respective countries. Family businesses face one critical problem, which is the issue of nepotism. In developed countries, measures have been taken to curb nepotism whereas in developing countries, it is part of their daily lives (Sidani, Yusuf & Thornberry 69). In today’s business life, nepotism is evidently rampant. Workers in such family businesses compete with the favored personnel; it is hard to for them to be promoted because there are not awarded according to the abilities and knowledge. This environment therefore portrays unfair competition and it will have negative effects on nonfamily personnel. A critical sufficient study that analyzes such an environment is essential in order to understand the topic on family firms, job satisfaction, negative word of mouth, intention of quitting the job and their relationships with nepotism (Sidani, Yusu f & Thornberry 70). Qualification factors that employers should consider include knowledge, ability to success,

Process essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Process - Essay Example of learning this process is to avoid keeping the baby uncomfortable without full bath that relaxes them, saving money on professional services and the most important is that bathing time offers perfect bonding time between a parent (either the mother or father) and the infant. The first step is to decide where the baby will take a bath. The choices in this case are the kitchen sink, the regular wash tub or have a special washing tub for the infant which is the ideal size. The secret in this step is to ensure the parent is in a comfortable position so that he or she can be able to grip the baby steadily as well as wash them without losing that grip. This should be followed by regulating the temperature of the room and of the bathing water. After deciding which room is idle to wash the baby in, regulation of the room temperature is required so that the baby dos not chill during the bath. This is closely followed by regulation of the water to a temperature that is not too hot or too cold. If one has a thermometer, the ideal temperature should be between 90 and 100 Fahrenheit. If not testing the water with the wrist which is sensitive will guide the parent on the ideal temperature. The next step is to prepare the baby’s clothing such as the towel, the clothes, diaper, wash cloth, lotion and bathing soap. There is also the alternative of baby shampoo though care should be made to ensure that is tear-free. This should be followed by undressing of the baby and then dipping it in the water feet first. A firm grip of the baby with one hand under the neck is needed in order to support the baby as well as prevent it from wobbling its head which is still not firm at this stage of development. Use the soap and wash cloth to wash starting from the head moving downwards and ending with the diaper area. Any skin folds should be thoroughly cleaned. Having completed the bathing, towel and dry it and apply lotion (this is optional) and dress the baby. Hand the baby over to

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final Exam - Essay Example Powerful and rich people in the society force the poor to adhere to social order and the weak to fulfill their own desires. An example to show how this happens may be illustrated in the perspective of crime management. According to conflict theorists, both the law and crime are products of power struggle. A few powerful groups like the police manipulate the legislative procedure, and forbid acts that intimidate their interests. For instance, regulations that forbid theft, trespassing, and vagrancy are believed to protect the rich from being attacked by the poor. Despite the fact that laws against actions like rape and murder seem not to be so obvious in a single social class’ interest, the powerless and the underprivileged are much more probable than the rich to be detained if they commit these kinds of crime. In addition, ethnic and class exploitation are basic roots of most of the crimes in societies. Failure of the powerful class to give legitimate opportunities to the poor is what results in high crime rates among the subject class. The criminal justice system demonstrates classism and racism, thus crime can only be wiped out only if exploitation and inequality are eliminated from the society. How lobbyists and PACS work Lobbyists direct their efforts basically at the national level, that is, to congress committees that regard administrative agencies and legislation that are mandated to write or enforce laws. They depend on individual relations with executive branch and Congress members who keep regular contact. They give evidence at committee hearings, offer data to the staff, and quite frequently, write the laws. On the other hand, Political Action Committees or simply PACs raise and issue money to political aspirants. They may be associated with prevailing interest groups like trade associations, though can exist independently. PACs do not often operate differently from interest groups, but rather finance campaigns of a larger lobby group. The act ivities lobbyists and PACs do not meet the needs of the middle and lower classes. It is not clear how their contributions really alter policies. Since the contributions by PACs go to the top officials, it has no direct impact to the common citizen. On the other hand, Lobbyists have busy schedules with little time assigned to consider the desires of the lower classes. Further, the influences made by these interest groups are mostly in favor of the executives, who belong to the upper class as compared to the interests of the middle and low classes. Most key politicians and corporations hire professional lobbyists with an aim to endorse their personal interests as intermediaries. This is of no benefit to the local citizen, who may have his interests but no one to represent him at the top ((Moen, McClain, & Walker 121). The story of Emmett Till Emmett’s visit to Money, Mississippi was a tragic one. He was a 14-year old African American boy who was brutality killed following the a llegations that he flirted with a white woman some few days earlier. His eyes were scraped out, his head shot, and his body thrown in a river. Till was brought up in a neighborhood full of working class people on the South part of Chicago. His mother had always warned him to be extremely careful wherever he went due to his race, but Till took it lightly. While at his uncle’s place, Till was accused of grapping a white woman and consequently murdered by the woman’